ABSTRACT
Buried bumper syndrome - ingrowth of the internal bumper of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy [PEG] into the gastric wall - is one of the serious long-term complications of enteral nutrition using PEG systems. There are various endoscopic methods of managing the problem. We report here on a case successfully and rapidly treated with the method described by Muller-Gerbes et al., using a papillotome introduced over a guide wire
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate age-related inflammatory events in the male genital tract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a total of 4265 randomly collected patients attending the andrological outpatient clinic of the Center for Dermatology and Andrology, University of Giessen, Germany, ejaculate volume, pH-value, sperm concentration, total and progressive sperm motility, concentration of polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase, number of peroxidase-positive cells and fructose were measured and correlated with patient's age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>While ejaculate volume, motility and fructose all correlated negatively with age, sperm concentration, PMN elastase and the pH-value showed a positive correlation. The prevalence of male genital tract inflammation (as defined by PMN elastase > 250 ng/mL) and its severity increased significantly. PMN elastase did not correlate with sperm motility. Fructose as a marker of seminal vesicle function showed a significant negative relationship with the PMN elastase levels, the number of peroxidase-positive cells and sperm motility.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The significant increases of PMN-elastase levels as marker of male genital tract inflammation in older men appear to be indicative of age-related changes in local immunoregulatory mechanisms. Because there is no association of PMN elastase with sperm motility, a direct inhibitory effect of this enzyme can be excluded.</p>